Abstract:
In light of the regional and international changes sweeping the world, Russian-Iranian relations are no longer a matter for the two countries. They have become the focus of international researchers and observers because of their geostrategic dimensions and effects. Russia, despite the problems faced by the consequences of the global economic crises and some of the security problems that the Russians are trying to treat, but it still retains its role as a key actor and influential in the current international system, which qualifies it to play a leading role in the international community.
Russia's foreign policy underwent fundamental changes after the fall of the Soviet Union and its transformation from superpower to regional power, from a state with a one-party socialist system and an economic system based on central planning to a state that formally adopted an open market economy and multi-party system.
Several factors have been a source of concern for Russia's national security, including the NATO expansion eastwards toward the Russian border after the outbreak of the Ukrainian crisis, the US plan to deploy a missile shield in Europe near the Russian border, and economic sanctions imposed by Europe, All this aimed Russia to search for old friends enemies of the United States of America to form a counter-alliance was the Islamic Republic of Iran first and most important of those countries.
Russia's choice to cooperate with Iran appears to be due to several reasons, including Iran's strategic position in the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus, Central Asia, the Middle East and the Persian Gulf, as well as Moscow's desire to reach warm waters and above all the common hostility of the two countries toward the United States of America.
In spite of the military cooperation between the two sides, it is not only limited to other types of technical cooperation, including the transfer of technology, the provision of experts and technicians, the training of national cadres in various fields of development, mutual economic dependence and others.
The Russian-Iranian cooperation in the military and technical fields in the field of nuclear energy indicates several reservations not only by Israel but also by the Gulf states and a number of other Arab countries, and by the Gulf countries, which fear that Russia's supply of advanced military technologies to Iran The growing Iranian military capabilities to the detriment of regional balance of power in the Gulf region, and even the Middle East in general, Especially since the Gulf region suffers from a major structural imbalance in the level of its weapons system, particularly in missile capabilities compared to other weapons, with the failure of the United States and Western countries traditionally provide Arab countries in general with missile capabilities strike. Especially if we know that Iran's strategic goals in its pursuit of nuclear weapons are not defensive because Iran is not exposed to security risks from its neighbors after the destruction of Iraq's strategic power? Pakistan is not targeting Iran; rather, its historic conflict with India. The potential of the Iranian-Turkish alliance is more than the potential for conflict. The real purpose of Iran is to build a forceful location for Gulf strategic security.
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